I remember back in my AP psych class we learned about top-down processing and bottom-up processing. Top-down processing is where we process information with higher thinking. We construct perceptions based on experience and expectations. Bottom-up processing is analysis that begins with basic senses and then works up to the brain’s interpretation. In “A Deadly Wandering”, top-down attention is what we use to direct our focus. It allows us to set our objectives and focus on them. Bottom-up attention is different. It is what allows our attention to be captured instantly, without our control. It operates unconsciously, automatically, driven by sensory stimulus and contextual cues.
Top-down and bottom-up attention are both essential for survival. Without top-down attention, we would not be able to direct our focus on anything important, like goals or our surroundings. But without bottom-up attention, we would not be alert to our new stimuli, including danger which can be life threatening.
Everyone uses bottom-up attention every time their name is called out and your attention automatically directs to that person. Every one also uses top-down attention every day as well. When your favorite TV show comes on and you don’t notice someone cough behind you, that is top-down because you are directing all your focus to the TV because it is important to the person. When I watch movies that I like, I use top-down attention, and it is like my bottom-up attention is broken. I get very invested into the movie and someone would have to yell at me or touch me for my bottom-up attention to work again. I try to balance them by checking my phone for the time to somewhat check my surroundings when I watch a movie.